Recently there has been an uptick in doomsaying over the impact of autotuning on vocal synth tuning as an artform. Although I've previously memed on the tuning's imminent death, I believe the reality is more nuanced.
Most people compare autotuning to AI art's negative impact on contemporary artists. However, I think a better comparison for us would be with the impact of mainstream photography on artists during the previous technological revolution. Prior to photography, painting and drawing were a practical requirement for recording reality: essential to all areas of communication, from advertising to documenting world events. As a result, realism was both favoured and actively enforced by various art institutions in Western Europe as a necessity for quality work.
Then, along came photographs. Objective, almost perfect: the quest for realism had suddenly been achieved, and was rapidly becoming widely available. This contributed to a shift in our culture's artistic priorities: freed from the burden of conveying reality, mainstream art transitioned more deeply into a medium of personal expression. It's likely that easy access to realistic images led people to appreciate art in more diverse ways - lack of detail was no longer a flaw, it was impressionistic.
Throughout the era of concatenative vocal synths, tuning was primarily focused on making vocal synths sound more human. The more human they sounded, the more praise was laid upon the tuner. The default sound of vocal synths was perceived as flawed and unpleasant to the ear, with tuning developed as a practical craft to fix those inadequacies. Leaving a vocal synth untuned wasn't looked down upon as an artistic failure, but a technical one, because the public consensus was that untuned vocal synths sounded worse.
Now autotuning has solved the problem tuning was invented to overcome. The natural vibrato, the little scoops, the smoother transitions between syllables - all there by default! Much less time is required to fix up vocal synths to sound acceptable. Whoohoo, workflow speedier.
So tuning, like painting, has lost its practical application, and the craft of making vocal synths sound realistic is becoming obsolete - or at least a lot more niche. But I don't think tuning is under threat as an artform, rather, that our priorities for it are going to shift. We might not need to worry about pitchbends on consonants, but we do still need to consider whether the singer is joyful, or on the edge of tears. Is this the right spot for an enka flourish, does their diction need to be more clipped, or more slurred? Should their voice waver with emotion at the bridge, do they grit their teeth during the intro? Autotuning cannot render tuning obsolete, because the best AI-driven vocal synth is not telepathic. It does not know intent.
Tuning as an expressive medium is more intimidating: the rules are much more flexible, and it's still a nascent craft. The artist must ask themselves what they value, as opposed to scientifically following fixed principles. But to say autotuning threatens tuners' individuality would be to assume the only end goal of personalising a vocal synth is realism. Imagine praising a real singer for simply sounding "like a person": unique human choices form the backbone of every great vocal performance.
Beyond emotive expression, autotuning has raised a question that went relatively unasked throughout the entire concatenative era: do we even want to sound human? After years of demonising untuned voicebanks, I've seen more and more people express nostalgia and fondness for that raw concatenative sound. It's easy to become obsessed with overcoming certain qualities of a technology when those qualities are limitations. Once those same sounds become creative choices, we're able to reappraise them with new appreciation. Autotuning has changed how many of us listen to vocal synths.
This new technology has caused tuning's motto to subtly shift. Where we once asked "how can we make them sound real?", we now ask "how do I want this sung?". To me, that's more freeing, and it sums up why I'm an Autotuning Optimist (tm).